Primary fire extinguishing means
Primary fire extinguishing means are needed so that a person can eliminate small fires and prevent the spread of fire before the arrival of firefighters. This minimizes the damage caused by a fire, reduces the danger of firefighters, and sometimes eliminates the need to evacuate people.
The primary means of fire extinguishing include:
- Non-mechanical tools that are located on fire shields. These are shovels, hooks, sand, etc.
- Special fire protection panels. They are called a “nightmare”. This canvas allows you to extinguish a fire source, up to electrical installations.
- Fire extinguishers.
The primary means of extinguishing fires and the rules for using them are quite simple, so anyone can independently cope with a small fire after simple training.
The list of primary fire extinguishing agents includes:
1) Asbestos coverings (used: to eliminate small fires in the initial stages of fires; to extinguish fire on the victim’s clothes, ignited combustible materials (block the supply of oxygen); to protect equipment, materials, structural elements during fire operations); Koshmy (made of tarpaulin and fiberglass refractory fabric);
2) Barrels filled with water (necessarily supplied with buckets. If there is a risk of water freezing, the barrels should be insulated. The water should be kept clean, without sediment, in the designed quantity. Containers with water and sand are installed next to fire shields).
3) Boxes filled with sand (equipped with shovels. The sand should be kept clean, loose, and dry. The minimum volume of such a box is 0.5 m3. The boxes should have wide bottoms so that it is convenient to collect sand from them and close the lids);
4) Fire extinguishers (manual, mobile)
The type of fire extinguishers must match the type of substances that can ignite.:
- foam (with chemical or air foam) – for extinguishing solids, flammable liquids, and flammable liquids. They are not used in rooms with valuable items, materials, appliances, and electronics. It is forbidden to use these fire extinguishers in working electrical installations, for extinguishing alkali metals and their carbides.;
- carbon dioxide – Designed to extinguish fires of various substances and materials, electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 V, internal combustion engines, and flammable liquids. It is forbidden to extinguish materials that burn without access to air. Gorenje
- powder — Designed to extinguish fires and ignitions of petroleum products, LVZH and GZH, solvents, solids, as well as electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000V.
6) Fire cranes located indoors (mounted on separate fire pipelines. They are equipped with connecting nuts and special sleeves. The sleeves should not stick together during storage, so they should be rearranged regularly);
7) Fire-fighting shields equipped with bags, water tanks, buckets, pitchforks, containers with sand, crampons, crowbars, shovels (bayonet, shovel), fire extinguishers, axes. Mobile models are additionally equipped with hand pumps, protective screens and racks, trolleys, fire hoses (they are equipped depending on the area of the unit (the number of items and capacity of containers depend on this) and the production processes that take place in it (the type of primary fire extinguishing equipment and the rules of their use depend on this).